1. Estimate the cash flows 2. Assess the riskiness of the cash flows. 3. Determine the appropriate discount rate. 4. Find the PV of the expected cash flows. ...

Estimation in General Estimation is a technical process of predicting the cost of a building. Preliminary Estimate An attempt to forecast the cost of a ...

Materials are the major item used in construction. In construction, various materials are used in various building components in combinations with other ...

According to the World Bank (2004), the gross domestic product (GDP) is defined as value of final goods and services produced in country in one year. GDP can ...

what is variations in construction Quantity Surveyors are involved in dealing with variations that may arise within contracts with regards to, 1. ...

In construction, it is unlikely that a client will be an individual; most clients are organizations or groups of people. Thus the client needs to be seen as a ...

The gold standard of life cycle cost software for construction management is the Building Life-Cycle Cost Program (BLCC 5.3-09), which was developed by the ...

Materials Management is simply the process by which an organization is supplied with the goods and services that it needs to achieve its objectives of buying, ...

Economic indicators are statistical data showing general trends in the economy. They allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future ...

Price lists and trade literatures provides a lot of important information that are very useful in estimating purposes. Usually whole sellers, goods ...